What Is a Euro Medium Term Note (EMTN)?

A euro medium-term note is a medium-term, flexible debt instrument that is traded and issued ou♔tside of the United States and Canada.

Understanding EMTNs

EMTNs instruments offer fixed or variable payments and are directly issued to the market with 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:maturities that were originally less than five years but have since expanded. EMTNs allow an issuer to enter the foreign markets more easily to obtain capital. Firms also offer EMTNs continuously, whereas a bond issue, for example, occurs all at once.

EMTN issuers must maintain a standardized document known as a program. The program can be transferred across all issues and has a high proportion of sales through predetermined syndication of buyers. 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:Medium-term notes (MTNs)—notes that bear the same definition as EMTNs, but trade within the United States and Canada—must maintain a different program.

International Security Identification Numbers (ISINs) and common codes are 12-digit security identification numbers. For EMTNs, a specific type of ISIN code is required. The agent of the EMTN program would normally obtain the ISIN numbers and common codes for the relevant EMTN notes on behalf of the issuer.

History of EMTNs

Over the past 40-45 years, medium-term notes have emerged as a significant funding source for U.S. and foreign companies, 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:supranational institutions, federal agencies, and sovereign nations. The United States has been issuing MTNs since the beginning of the 1970s after introducing the debt instruments as an alternative to short-term financing in the 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:commercial paper marke⭕t and long-term borrowing in the bond market. They named these instruments "medium-term" because they serve the middle ground.

MTNs did not gain much momentum until the 1980s when the MTN market shifted from an obscure corner of the market—heavily exploited by auto finance companies—to a fundamental source of debt financing for hundreds of major corporations. Outside the United States, the EMTN market has grown phenomenally and continues to attract new and booming businesses and industries.

EMTNs offer diversity as companies can issue them in a wide range of currencies and with various maturities, typically, up to 30 years although some may have a much longer maturity. Firms can issue EMTNs in collateralized, 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:floating rate (FRN), amortizing, and credit-supported forms. Single issues from an EMTN program are comparable to a Eurobond or a Euro note.

EMTN Benefits

For issuers, one of the primary advantages is flexibility. EMTNs can be issued in various currencies, meaning corporation🌞s or governments can tap into a wide range of international markets. This also means EMTNs allow issuers to manage their debt more effe𒈔ctively while benefiting from lower issuance costs compared to traditional bonds.

For investors, EMTNs provide a diverse investment opportunity. The ability to invest in EMTNs denominated in multiple currencies opens up a๊ccess to international markets you might not have access to otherwise. This means investors could get better access to different geographic regions.

EMTNs can offer higher yields compared to standard bonds, especially when structured with floating rates or issued by entities in 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:emerging markets. The availability of varying maturities also allows investors to select EMTNs that align with their investment 🍰horizon, so they can🌠 be both short- and long-term investment strategies.

Downsides to EMTNs

Unlike highly regulated 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:government bonds, EMTNs are often issued by corporations and financial institutions, whose creditworthiness can fluctuate. Investors ne😼ed to carefu🏅lly assess the credit rating of the issuer to avoid the risk of default, particularly if they are investing in EMTNs with longer maturities or lower credit ratings.

Another downside for investors is interest rate risk. Since EMTNs can have medium to long-term maturities, they are susceptible to changes in market interest rates. If interest rates rise, the value of fixed-rate EMTNs may decl﷽ine.

Exchange rate fluctuations can significantly impact the returns for investors who do not hold EMTNs in their home currency. If the currency in which the EMTN is denominated weakens relative to the investor’s home currency, it can erode the value of both interest payments and principal upon maturity. Hedging 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:currency risk can help, but it adds complexity and additional costs (and may not even totally eliminate the potenti🗹al losses𝔍 as well).

From the issuer's perspective, EMTNs may carry higher issuance and compliance costs compared to domestic bonds. Although the EMTN program offers flexibility, issuers still need to comply with regulatory requirements in multiple jurisdictions, which could get costly.

EMTN Example

One example of an EMTN program is that of Telenor; the program was established in 1996. This EMTN program is updated annually and constitutes a standardized master agreement for the issuance of bonds, including private placements and public benchmark bonds.

The Bottom Line

EMTNs are flexible debt instruments issued by corporations, governments, or financial institutions in European markets under a program ♕that allows for multiple issues over time. They offer issuers and investors flexibility in terms of currency, interest rates, and maturities, and are traded in the secondary market.