A vanilla option is a financial instrument that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a given timeframe. A vanilla option is a 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:call option or 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:put option that has no special or unusual features. Such options are standardized if traded on an exchange such as the 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:Chicago Board Options Exchange. 

Basics of a Vanilla Option

Vanilla options are used by individuals, companies, and institutional investors to hedge their exposure in a particular asset or to speculate on the price movement of a financial 🃏instrument.

If a vanilla option is not the right fit, 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:exotic options such as 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:barrier options, 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:Asian options, and 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:digital options are more customizable. Exotic options have more complex features and are generally traded over the counter. They can be combined into complex structures to reduce the net cost or incr💟ease leverage.

Calls and Puts

There are two types of vanilla options: calls and puts. The owner of a call has the right, but not the obligation, to buy the underlying instrument at the 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:strike price. The owner of a put has the right, but not the obligation, to sell the instrument at the strike price. The seller of the option is referred to as its writer. Shorting or writing an opꦇtion creates an obligation to buy or sell the instrument if the option is exercised by its owner.

Calls and puts both have an 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:expiry date. This puts a time limit on how long the underlying asse🉐t has to move.

For example, stock XYZ may be trading at $30. A call option that expires in one month has a strike price or $31. The cost of this option, called the premium, is $0.35. Each option contract controls 100 shares, so buying one option costs $0.3♈5 x 100 shares, or $35.

If the price of XYZ stock moves above $31, that option is 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:in the money. But, the underlying asset needs to move above $31.35 in order for the buyer to start seeing a profit on the trade. The most the option buyer can lose is the amount they paid for the option. The profit potential is unlimited 💧and depends on how far the u🐽nderlying moves above the strike price.

The option writer collects $35 ($0.35 x 100 shares) for writing the option. If the price of XYZ stock stays below $31, the option is said to be 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:out of the money and the writer keeps the premium. However, if the price rises above $31, the option writer has an obligation to sell that stock to the option buyer at $31. For example, if the stock rises to $33,ღ this would represent a loss of $165, or ($33 – 🅘$31) x 100 = $200, then subtract the $35 premium already collected for a loss of $165.

Vanilla Option Features

Every option has a strike price. If the strike price is better than the price in the underlying market at maturity, the option is deemed "in the money" and can be 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:exercised by its owner. A 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:European style option requires the option be in the money on the expiration date in order for it to be exercised. An 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:American style option can be exer🃏cised if it is in the money on or before the expiration date.

The premium is the price paid to own the option. The premium is based on how close the strike is to the price of the underlying (in the money, out of the money, or 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:at the money), the volatility of the underlying asset, and the time until expiration. Higher volatility and a longer mat🗹urity increase the premium.

An option gains 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:intrinsic value, or mov🦂es into the money, as the underlying surpasses the strike price—above the strike for a call and be👍low the strike for a put. 

Option traders don't need to wait until expiry to close out an options trade, nor do they need to exercise the option. They can take an offsetting position at any time to close the options trade and realize their profit or loss on the option.

Exotic and Binary Options

Two other types of options can be combined with vanilla options to create tailored outcomes. The first type are exotic options, which have conditions or calculations attached to their execution. For example, barrier options include a level that, if reached, causes the option to begin to exist or cease to exist. Digital options pay the owner if the underlying is above or below a specific price level. An Asian option's payoff depends on the average traded price of the underlying instrument during the life of the option.

The second type of options which can be combined with vanilla options are 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:binary options. The outcome of such op💃tions is typically restricted to just two possible results, meaning that the payouts are also restricted. They are typically used to speculate on price movements of an as꧙set. A possible combination between binary and vanilla options would be the purchase of a call/put vanilla option and a binary option in the opposite direction of the former.

Correction—Sept. 3, 2024: This article has been corrected with the proper formula for determining the loss in the example of calls and puts.