What Is Cash Available for Distribution (CAD)?

Cash available for distribution (CAD) refers to a real estate investment trust's (REIT) cash-on-hand that is available to be distributed as shareholder dividends. The CAD value is calculated by taking the REIT's 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:funds from operations (FFO) and subtracting its recurring 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:capital expenditures (CAPEX).

CAD is the most liquid subset of 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:funds availabl♕e for distribution (🐎FAD). The benefits of having a stockpile of CAD are that it provides a more ꩲcomplete picture of a REIT's adjusted cash flows and how much investors can expect to receive in the form 🍸of dividend distributions.

Formula for Cash Available for Distrib🦂ution (CAD)

 $\begin{aligned} &CAD = FFO - RCE\\ &\textbf{where:}\\ &CAD = \text{Cash available for distribution}\\ &FFO = \text{Funds from operations}\\ &RCE = \text{Recurring capital expenditures} \end{aligned}$​CAD=FFO−RCEwhere:CAD=Cash available for distributionFFO=Funds from operations​

How to Calculate CAD

Calculating cash available for distribution is don🦹e by subtracting recurring capital expenditures from fund﷽s from operations. The formula and calculation for FFO appear below.

What Does Cash♉ Available for Distribution Tell ﷽You?

A real estate investment trust (REIT) is a pooled investment vehicle that holds a portfolio of income-producing properties and/or mortgages and is required to distribute nearly all its taxable nꦉet income to maintain REIT status. In fact, REITs are required to paಌy out 90% of taxable income earned to investors.

While there is no standardized method for calculating 🅷funds available for distribution, many REITs calculate CAD in a similar way by adjusting the funds from operations value for straight-line rents, non-cash items, and any recurring real estate-related expenses.

To income-oriented, or what is called yield-focused investors, cash available for distrib𝔉ution is a key metric to select a REIT. REITs are instruments sought after by a segment of investors seeking recurring income or yield, such as retirees completing their monthly or quarterly income via their investment yield. For that, REITs can increase their yield organically through their own acquired real estate portfolios or through acquisitions.

Example of Cash Available for Distribution

Boston Properties (BXP) is a 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:commercial property REIT that owns buildings in Boston, New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Washington D.C., and Reston, Virginia. In 2020, the REIT's CAD payout ratio was 96.4% compared with 86.7% in 2019.

Boston Properties' financial statements indicate that it calculates CAD by adding to FFO lease transaction the costs that qualify as rent inducements, non-real estate depreciation, non-cash losses from early extinguishment of debt, and 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:stock-based compensation expense; then by eliminating the effects of 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:straight-line rent and straight-line ground rent expense adjustment; and finally, by subtracting maintenance 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:capital expenditures, hotel improvements, and equip🌱ment upgrades and replace⛎ments.

This list of cash flow adjustment items is not exhaustive, but it shows how cash and non-cash items are handled to present a more accurate figure of actual funds available for distribution to investors.

The Difference Between CAD and FFO

Cash available for distribution calculations does not adhere to a standardized formula in the REIT sector, but it is generally defined as the difference between FFO and recurring expenses. Recurring capital expenses that are typically subtracted from the FFO to determine the CAD value include replacing building roofs, HVAC system repairs, resurfဣacing of parking lots, and other significant routine maintenance. Some REITs may choose to deduct tenant improvements, straight-lining of rents, or leaꦓsing commissions from FFO.

The Natio👍nal Association Real Estate🐽 Investment Trusts (NAREIT), a trade group for the industry, defines FFO as net income plus 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:depreciation less the gain on property sale plus loss on the property sale.

An expanded formula for FFO is:

$\begin{aligned} &FFO = NI + DA - II + IE - GP + LP - IV + LV\\ &\textbf{where:}\\ ∋ = \text{ Net income}\\ &DA = \text{ Depreciation and amortization}\\ &II = \text{ Interest income}\\ &IE = \text{ Interest expense}\\ &GP = \text{ Gain on property sale}\\ &LP = \text{ Loss on property sale}\\ &IV = \text{ Income from unconsolidated ventures}\\ &LV = \text{ Loss from unconsolidated ventures} \end{aligned}$∋= Net income​FFO=NI+DA−II+IE−GP+LP−IV+LVwhere:DA= Depreciation and amortizationII= Interest incomeIE= Interest expenseGP= Gain on property saleLP= Loss on property saleIV=ꦫ Income from unconsolida🐬ted venturesLV= Loss from unconsolidated 🎃;ventur💃es​