What Is the Operating Expense Ratio (OER)?

In real estate, the operating expense ratio (OER) is a measurement of the cost to operate a piece of property, compared to the income brought in by the property. It is calculated by dividing a property's operating expense (minus depreciation) by its gross operating income.

OER is used for comparing the expenses of similar properties. An investor should look for 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:red flags, such as higher 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:maintenance expenses, operating income, or utilities that may deter them from purchasi🔯ng a specific property.

The ideal OER is between 60% and 80% (although the lower it is, the better).

Formula and Calculation of the Operating Expense Ratio (OER)

$\begin{aligned}&OER=\frac{\text{Total operating expenses}}{\text{Total revenue}}\end{aligned}$​OER=Total revenueTotal operating expenses​​

In order to calculate the OER for a property, you need to know the operating expenses. These include all fees and costs incurred as the normal costs of doing business. You will also need to calculate the property's 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:depreciation expense, which will vary by the particular accounting method employed.

What the Operating Eꦦxpense Ratio (OER) Can Tell You

Calculating OERs over a number of years may help an investor notice a property’s trends in operating expenses. If a property’s costs increase annually at a greater rate than income, the OER increases annually as well. Therefore, the investor may lose more money the longer they hold the property.

When owning an apartment building, an investor should figure in vacancies by using effective 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:rental income, or potential rental income minus vacancy and credit losses, rather than potent🍰ial rental income.

Because managing vacancies is included in 𒁏efficient property management, including vacancies in an OER gives a more accurate picture of operating expenses and shows where improvements may be made. For example, a poorly managed property will most likely have higher vacancy rates, which will be reflected in the OER.

Property management fees, utilities, tr🐠ash removal, maintenance, insurance, repairs, property taxes, and other co🥀sts are included in OERs.

Additional 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:operating expenses that investors should figure into the OER include property management fees, landscaping, attorney fees, landlord’s insurance, and basic property insurance. These costs help run the property on a daily basis. For this reason, loan payments, capital improvements, and personal property are excluded from operating 💟expenses.

A lower OER typically means the property is being m💦anaged efficiently and is more profitable for investors, and that less of the property’s income is covering operati🐟onal and maintenance costs.

If the business is scalable, the owner may increase the rent on each unit without greatly increasing operating expenses. In addition, the OER can show where potential issues may occur, such as utility bills increasing substantially, so investors can solve problems more quickly and protect their profit levels.

Example of How to Use the OER

Take a hypothetical example, where Investor A owns a multi-family apartment building and brings in $65,000 per month in rent. The investor also pays $50,000 for operating expenses including their monthly mortgage payments, taxes, utilities, and ♌so on. The property also is expected to depreciate by $85,000 this year.

Therefore, the annual OER can be calculated as:

$\frac{[(\$50,000 \times 12) - 85,000]} {(65,000 \times 12)} = 66\%$(65,000×12)[($50,000×12)−85,000]​=66%

This means that operating expenses consume approximately two🦹-thirds of revenu🅘es generated by this property.

OER vs. Capitalization Rate

The 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:capitalization rate is used in the world of commercial real estate to indicate the 澳洲幸运5官方开奖结果体彩网:rate of return that is expected to be generated on a real estate investment propeꦯrty.

Often referred to as the "cap rate," this measurement is computed based on the ꦆnet income that the property is expected to generate. It is used to estimate the investor's potential return on investment in the real estate market. 

The cap rate simply represents the yield of a pr𒁏operty over a one-year time horizon (assuming the property is purchased on cash and not on loan). It is defined by the formula:

$\text{Cap rate} = \text{net operating income} \div \text{current market value}$Cap rate=net operating income÷current market value

While the cap rate is similar to OER in terms of measuring the pro💎fitability of an investment property, it differs from the OER in that it uses gross revenue rather than net income and places that in the denominator. OER also does not take into account the market value of a property.

Limitations of Using the OER

There are two drawbacks to the OER for real estate iꦍnvestors. First, because it does not include the market value of a property, it does not inform an investor about the relative value of a property at purchase or sale. It only speaks to the efficiency of ongoing operations.

Thus, the OER should be used in conjunction with something like the capitalization rate wh𒁏en evaluating a property investm🥃ent.

Second,🍨 because depreciation can be calculated in several different ways, the OER can be gamed by using a more favorable method of accounting for depreciation.

The Bottom Line

The operating expense ratio (OER) compares the income a property brings in to the cost of running that property. This al🌌lows investors to see if a property would be a goo🦹d investment, and how much return they can expect, as well as helping them compare to other potential property investments.